The number of carbons on the hydrophobes : Molecules with the greatest number of carbons will have the strongest hydrophobic interactions.However, at an extreme temperature, hydrophobic interactions will denature. Temperature : As temperature increases, the strength of hydrophobic interactions increases also.What does the strength of Hydrophobic Interactions depend on? Van der Waals interactions or Hydrogen bonds). Hydrophobic interaction in protein is relatively stronger than other weak intermolecular forces (i.e. Result: Δ G is negative and hence hydrophobic interactions are spontaneous. Tearing down a portion of the clathrate cage will cause the entropy to increase ( ΔS is positive), since forming it decreases the entropy.Īccording to the formula: Δ G = Δ H − T Δ S When hydrophobes come together and interact with each other, enthalpy increases ( ΔH is positive) because some of the hydrogen bonds that form the clathrate cage will be broken. The mixing hydrophobes and water molecules are not spontaneous however, hydrophobic interactions between hydrophobes are spontaneous. Bioenergetics: Study of Energy Transformation.The change in enthalpy, however, is insignificant in determining the spontaneity of the reaction (mixing of hydrophobic molecules and water) because the change in entropy is very large.Īccording to the Gibbs Free Energy formula, ΔG=ΔH−TΔS, with a small unknown value of ΔH and a large negative value of Δ S, the value of ΔGwill turn out to be positive.Ī positive ΔG indicates that the mixing of the hydrophobe and water molecules is not spontaneous. The change enthalpy ( ΔH) of the system can be negative, zero, or positive because the new hydrogen bonds can partially, completely, or overcompensate for the hydrogen bonds broken by the entrance of the hydrophobe. With a decrease in disorder, the entropy of the system decreases and, therefore ΔS is negative. This orientation makes the system (hydrophobe) more ordered.
Water molecules that are distorted by the presence of the hydrophobe will make new hydrogen bonds and form an ice-like cage structure called a clathrate cage around the hydrophobe. The pH Concept: Basics and Importance in Biological System.What is Thermodynamics? Explain the Thermodynamic Laws?.
This is considered an endothermic reaction because when bonds are broken heat is put into the system. When a hydrophobe is dropped in an aqueous medium, hydrogen bonds between water molecules will be broken to make room for the hydrophobe however, water molecules do not react with hydrophobe. Thermodynamic Reasons Behind hydrophobic interaction in protein Before Forming hydrophobic interaction in protein (or) any other macromolecule They interact with a total of 16 water molecules before they come together and only 10 atoms after they interact. The image above indicates that when the hydrophobes come together, they will have less contact with water.
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